If there is one topic in medicine that has been misunderstood, politicized, and oversimplified over the past two decades, it is Hormone Replacement Therapy. As a neurologist practicing in Springfield, Missouri, I see the downstream consequences of hormone neglect every single day: on the brain, on mood, on energy, on metabolism, and on long-term health.
This conversation matters for women and men, and it matters now more than ever.
Let’s start by addressing the elephant in the room.
The Women’s Health Initiative: What Really Happened

For years, fear around hormone therapy (especially for women) has been driven by the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study. That study effectively shut down appropriate hormone use for an entire generation of women. Physicians were trained to fear hormones. Women were told to “just live with it.”
Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) formally acknowledged what many of us who specialize in hormone optimization have known for a long time: the conclusions drawn from the WHI were deeply flawed and should not be broadly applied to modern hormone replacement therapy.
Here’s why the WHI was problematic:
- The average woman in the study was 63 years old, often more than a decade past menopause.
- Many participants already had cardiovascular disease at baseline.
- The hormones used were synthetic, not bioidentical.
- Estrogen was given orally, which changes how it is metabolized and increases clotting risk.
- Progesterone was not physiologic progesterone, but a synthetic progestin.
This is not how thoughtful, modern hormone therapy is practiced today.
Updated Understanding
When hormones are:
- Started closer to the menopausal transition
- Delivered in bioidentical forms
- Dosed appropriately
- Matched to the individual patient
They are associated with improvements in brain health, cardiovascular health, bone density, metabolic function, and quality of life; not harm.
Women Need More Than Estradiol

One of the most common mistakes I see is the idea that women only need estradiol. That is simply not true.
Progesterone Matters; Even After Hysterectomy
Even women who have had a hysterectomy often benefit from progesterone. Why?
Progesterone:
- Is neuroprotective
- Improves sleep quality
- Calms the nervous system
- Supports myelin, the insulation around nerves
- Helps balance estrogen’s effects in the brain and body
Progesterone is not just a “uterus hormone.” It is a brain hormone.
Women Need Testosterone Too
This surprises many women, and unfortunately, many clinicians.
Testosterone in women supports:
- Cognitive clarity and memory
- Mood and emotional resilience
- Lean muscle mass
- Bone density
- Libido and sexual responsiveness
- Metabolic efficiency
When testosterone is deficient, women may experience fatigue, low motivation, brain fog, decreased strength, and loss of vitality; even if estrogen levels look “normal.”
Optimal hormone replacement therapy for women almost always includes estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone, carefully balanced.
Testosterone in Men: Deficiency Is Often Missed

Testosterone deficiency in men is frequently underdiagnosed, and not because the symptoms aren’t there; but because the wrong metrics are being used.
Many men believe:
- “I can still build muscle.”
- “I don’t have erectile dysfunction.”
- “So my testosterone must be fine.”
Not necessarily.
How Testosterone Deficiency Really Shows Up
Men with low or suboptimal testosterone may experience:
- Persistent fatigue
- Mood changes or irritability
- Loss of motivation or drive
- Decreased libido (even if erections are still possible)
- Poor recovery from exercise
- Brain fog or decreased focus
- Increased abdominal fat
Testosterone is not just a “sex hormone.” It is a metabolic, neurologic, and cardiovascular hormone.
Why Standard Lab Ranges Are a Poor Measuring Stick
Most physicians rely on the reference ranges provided by large laboratory companies. These ranges are statistical, not physiologic.
Here’s the problem:
- “Normal” simply means you fall within the middle 95% of the population tested.
- The modern population is not healthy.
- Obesity, insulin resistance, poor sleep, chronic stress, and environmental toxins have driven testosterone levels down for decades.
A total testosterone of 350 ng/dL and 1000 ng/dL may both be labeled “normal,” but they are not equivalent in terms of brain health, metabolic health, or long-term disease protection.
Higher Testosterone Is Often Protective
Higher-normal testosterone levels are associated with:
- Improved insulin sensitivity
- Better lipid profiles
- Reduced cardiovascular risk
- Preservation of muscle and bone
- Improved cognitive performance
And importantly (contrary to outdated dogma), data increasingly suggest that healthy testosterone levels may actually be protective against prostate cancer, not causative.
The Proliferation of Hormone Clinics in Springfield
There has been a rapid expansion of hormone clinics and medi-spas in the greater Springfield area. While increased access can be a good thing, not all hormone therapy is created equal.
Before choosing a provider, consider:
- How many years of experience do they have managing hormone replacement therapy?
- Are they a physician, and if so, what specialty training do they have?
- What certifications or advanced education support their hormone expertise?
- Do they understand hormone therapy beyond symptom relief—brain, heart, metabolism, longevity?
- What forms of hormone delivery do they offer?
Cost alone should never be the deciding factor.
Why I Prefer Bioidentical Hormone Pellets

At Sharlin Health and Neurology, I favor bioidentical hormone replacement therapy using pellets for many patients.
Why?
- No daily pills
- No messy creams
- No weekly injections
- No dissolving wafers
- Consistent, reliable blood levels
- Reduced hormonal “roller coaster”
Typical treatment intervals:
- Women: approximately every 3–4 months
- Men: approximately every 5–6 months
Pellets offer simplicity, compliance, and stability; three things that matter tremendously for long-term success.
Honoring Those Who Serve
At Sharlin Health and Neurology, we believe in honoring those who serve our communities and our country. We offer a substantial discount on EvexiPEL® bioidentical hormone pellet therapy for:
- Active-duty and veteran military members
- Law enforcement
- Fire protection
- Public servants
- Emergency medical services (EMS)
This applies to both men and women.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are the signs that you need hormone replacement therapy?
You may need hormone replacement therapy if ongoing symptoms align with hormonal decline and are confirmed through clinical evaluation. Common signs include fatigue, brain fog, poor sleep, mood changes, low libido, muscle loss, and weight gain that do not improve with lifestyle changes alone.
2. What does a lack of estrogen feel like?
A lack of estrogen often feels like reduced energy, emotional imbalance, and difficulty thinking clearly. People may experience hot flashes, night sweats, poor sleep, joint discomfort, anxiety, low mood, and vaginal dryness because estrogen supports the brain, bones, and nervous system.
3. What are the first signs of low estrogen?
The first signs of low estrogen are usually sleep disruption, mood changes, and decreased energy. Irregular cycles, increased irritability, anxiety, night sweats, and slower recovery from exercise often appear before more noticeable symptoms.
4. How do I tell if my hormone levels are low?
You determine low hormone levels by evaluating symptoms alongside properly timed lab testing.
Hormone tests must be interpreted in context since values within the normal range may still be suboptimal for how you feel.
5. Who should not do hormone replacement?
Hormone replacement therapy is not appropriate for individuals with certain hormone-sensitive cancers or specific unmanaged medical conditions. This includes active or past estrogen-dependent cancers, unexplained bleeding, active liver disease, or clotting disorders without physician clearance.
Final Words – Hormone Therapy Is Not About Vanity; It’s About Health
Hormone Replacement Therapy is not about chasing youth. It is about restoring physiology, protecting the brain, preserving muscle and bone, supporting metabolic health, and improving quality of life.
When done correctly, hormone therapy is restorative. If you are tired, foggy, losing strength, struggling with mood, or feel like “something just isn’t right,” do not accept dismissal. Do not accept “your labs are normal” as the end of the conversation.
Optimal is not the same as average.
And your brain, your body, and your future deserve better than average.
If you are in Springfield and considering Hormone Replacement Therapy, my team and I would be honored to help guide that journey; thoughtfully, safely, and with decades of clinical perspective.
Schedule a private consultation to discuss your symptoms, review your labs in context, and determine whether hormone therapy is appropriate for you.
— Ken Sharlin, MD
